CSM Tokenomics
CSM (Cryptographic Sovereign Money) — a fixed-supply digital currency secured by Proof-of-Work. 21 million CSM. No pre-mine. No inflation. Ever.
Token Overview
Supply Schedule
Sahyadri follows a strictly deflationary emission schedule. Every 4 years, block rewards halve, gradually approaching the 21M cap.
Distribution Model
Every CSM is earned through mining. No pre-mine, no ICO, no insider allocation. The fairest distribution model possible.
Genesis block produced zero coins for founders, team, or investors.
No fundraising rounds, no token sales, no private allocations.
No team tokens, no advisor allocations, no vesting schedules.
Circulation & Liquidity
Emission Curve
Supply Math
Block Reward Formula
Reward = 0.08318123 / 2^(epoch) CSM
Where epoch = floor(blockHeight / 126,144,000)
Total Supply Formula
Supply = Σ (86,400 × 0.08318123 / 2^epoch)
Converges to 21,000,000 CSM
Divisibility & Units
| Unit | Value | Notation | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSM | 1 CSM | 1.0 | Standard unit |
| micro-CSM | 0.000001 CSM | 1e-6 | Fee calculation |
| nano-CSM | 0.000000001 CSM | 1e-9 | Micro-transactions |
| Kana | 0.00000001 CSM | 1e-8 | Smallest unit (dust limit) |
Inflation Rate
CSM Utility
Medium of Exchange
Peer-to-peer value transfer with 1-second finality and near-zero fees (0.00001 CSM).
Transaction Fees
All network operations pay fees in CSM, incentivizing miners to secure the network.
Identity Anchor
CSM addresses serve as controllers for DIDs — linking financial and identity layers.
Store of Value
Fixed 21M supply with predictable halvings creates long-term scarcity.
Staking & Yield
Sahyadri is a pure Proof-of-Work network — there is no staking or yield farming. CSM is earned through mining, not by locking tokens.
No Staking
CSM cannot be staked. There are no staking rewards, no validators, no slashing conditions.
Mining Only
All new CSM enters circulation exclusively through ASIC-resistant Proof-of-Work mining.
No Yield Farming
No liquidity mining, no yield aggregators, no DeFi incentives at protocol level.
Pure Scarcity
No artificial supply changes, no burning mechanisms, no minting beyond mining.
Fee Structure
Sahyadri implements a minimal fee model designed to prevent spam while keeping transactions accessible. Unlike networks where fees spike to $50+ during congestion, Sahyadri fees remain predictable and near-zero.
| Operation | Fee (CSM) | Fee (USD est.) | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Transfer | 0.00001 | < $0.000001 | Base network resource cost |
| Priority Transfer | 0.0001 — 0.001 | Variable | Faster inclusion during congestion |
| DID Creation | FREE | FREE | Identity is a basic right |
| DID Update | FREE | FREE | Identity maintenance |
| DID Deactivation | FREE | FREE | Identity retirement |
| Credential Issuance | 0.00001 | Minimal | Anchor credential hash on-chain |
Why Fees Exist
Spam Prevention
Without fees, malicious actors could flood the network with millions of transactions. A minimal fee of 0.00001 CSM makes spam economically irrational.
Miner Incentive
Transaction fees supplement block rewards. As rewards halve over time, fees become the primary income for miners securing the network.
Priority Ordering
Users can optionally pay higher fees for faster inclusion. This creates a fair market for block space during congestion.
Resource Allocation
Fees compensate nodes for disk space, bandwidth, and computational resources used to process and store transactions.
Fee Comparison
| Network | Average Fee | Peak Fee (2021) | Finality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sahyadri (CSM) | ~$0.000001 | ~$0.000001 | 1 second |
| Bitcoin (BTC) | $2 — $10 | $62 | 60 minutes |
| Ethereum (ETH) | $5 — $20 | $70 | 12 seconds |
| Visa/Mastercard | 2-3% per transaction | 3%+ | 1-3 days |
Fee Revenue Model
Security Budget
The security budget represents the total value paid to miners for securing the network. As block rewards decrease, transaction fees must grow to maintain security.
Comparison Matrix
| Metric | Sahyadri (CSM) | Bitcoin (BTC) | Ethereum (ETH) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Supply | 21,000,000 | 21,000,000 | Unlimited |
| Consensus | PoW + DAG | PoW | PoS |
| Block Time | 1 second | 10 minutes | 12 seconds |
| Signature | Dilithium3 (PQ) | ECDSA | ECDSA |
| Halving | ~4 years | ~4 years | N/A |
| Pre-Mine | 0% | 0% | ~72% |
| TPS | 10,000 | ~7 | ~30 |